Uma análise exploratória das relações entre as representações de vinculação do pai e o seu envolvimento em atividades práticas e lúdicas.

Lígia Monteiro, Rita Maia, Carla Fernandes, Marília Fernandes, Marta Antunes, Manuela Veríssimo

Abstract


Este estudo teve como principal objetivo explorar as relações entre as representações de vinculação (script de base segura) do pai, e o seu envolvimento em atividades práticas (relacionadas com a gestão e cuidados à criança) e em atividades com características lúdicas (brincadeira/lazer). Participaram 62 famílias nucleares, com crianças entre os 2 e os 5 anos, de estatuto socioeconómico médio e de duplo-rendimento. De modo a analisar os scripts de base segura utilizou-se as Narrativas de Representação da Vinculação em Adultos, aplicadas individualmente ao pai, tendo a mãe e o pai preenchido, de modo independente, um questionário sobre o envolvimento parental. Os resultados indicam que os pais possuem e acedem ao script de base segura em contextos onde este é elicitado; que participam mais nas atividades lúdicas, do que nas práticas; e que pais com valores mais elevados de script adulto/criança se encontram mais envolvidos nas atividades práticas, mesmo quando a idade da criança e as habilitações do pai são controladas.

Keywords


Script de base-segura, Envolvimento, Atividades práticas e lúdicas, Pai.

References


Afonso, A., Veríssimo, M., Fernandes, M., Borges, P., & Monteiro, L. (2011). Associações entre o envolvimento paterno e a competência social de crianças em contexto pré-escolar. Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, 11(1), 43-60.

Bailey, W. T. (1994). A longitudinal study of father’s involvement with young children: Infancy to age 5 years old. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 155, 331-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1994.9914783

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation, anxiety, and anger (vol. 2). Middesex. Penguin Books.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base. Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.

Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. In: I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, (pp. 3-35).

Bretherton, I., Lambert, J. D., & Golby, B. (2005). Involved fathers of preschool children as seen by themselves and their wives: Accounts of attachment, socialization, and companionship. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3), 229-251.

Bretherton, I., & Munholland, K. (2008). Internal working models in attachment relationships: Elaborating a central construct in attachment theory. In: J. Cassidy, e P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, (pp. 102-127). New York: Guilford Press.

Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71, 127–136.

Cabrera, N. J., Shannon, J. D., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. (2007). Fathers’ influence on their children’s cognitive and emotional development: From toddlers to pre-K. Applied Development Science, 11(4), 208-213.

Cabrera, N. J., Volling, B. L., & Barr, R. (2018). Fathers are parents, too! Widening the lens on parenting for children’s. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 152-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12275

Coppola, G., Vaughn, B. E., Cassibba, R., & Costantini, A. (2006). The attachment script representation procedure in an Italian sample: Associations with adult attachment Interview scales and with maternal sensitivity. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3), 209-219.

Egeland, B., Erickson, M. F., Hiester, M. K., & Korfmachis, J. (1990). 24 Month tools coding manual Project steep-revised 1990 From parent-child project scales- 1978.

Fuertes, M., Faria, A., Beeghly, M., & Lopes-dos-Santos, P. (2016). The effects of parental sensitivity and involvement in caregiving on mother-infant and father-infant attachment in a Portuguese sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 30, 147-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000139

Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheuerer-Englisch, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child–father attachment relationship: fathers’ sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11(3), 301-3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00202

Jacobs, J. N., & Kelley, M. L. (2006). Predictors of paternal involvement in childcare with dual-earner families with young children. Fathering, 4(1), 23-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/fth.0401.23

Lamb, M. E. (2010). The role of the father: How do fathers Influence Children´s Development? Let me Count the Ways. In: M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development, (5th Ed., pp. 1-26). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.

Lamb, M. E. (2010b). The role of the father in child development, (5th Ed., pp. 1-26). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.

Lamb, M. E. (2012). Mothers, fathers, families, and circumstances: Factors affecting children's adjustment. Applied Developmental Science, 16(2), 98-111. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2012.667344

Lamb, M. E. & Lewis, C. (2010). The development and significance of fathers-child relationships in two-parent families. In: M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development, (5th Ed., pp. 94-153). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Lamb, M. E., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2004). The role of the father: An introduction. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (pp.1-31). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Lima, J. (2005). O envolvimento paterno nos processos de socialização da criança. In J. B. Ruivo (Ed.), Desenvolvimento: Contextos familiares e educativos (pp. 200-233). Porto, Portugal: Livpsic.

Main, M., Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood. A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1/2), 66-104. doi:10.2307/3333827

Marsiglio, W., Amato, P., Day, R. D., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Scholarship on fatherhood in the 1990s and beyond. Journal of Marriage and the family, 62(4), 1173-1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01173.x

Monteiro, L., Fernandes, M., Torres, C., & Santos, C. (2017). Father’s involvement and parenting styles in Portuguese families. The role of education and working hours. Análise Psicológica, 35(4), 513-528. doi:10.14417/ap.1451

Monteiro, L., Fernandes, M., Veríssimo, M., Pessoa e Costa, I., Torres, N., & Vaughn, B. E. (2010). Perspetiva do pai acerca do seu envolvimento em famílias nucleares. Associações com o que é desejado pela mãe e com as características da criança. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 44(1), 120-130.

Monteiro, L., Torres, N., Salinaz-Queiros, F. (in press). Preditores do Envolvimento Paterno numa Amostra de famílias Portuguesa. O Papel das Crenças Parentais. Suma Psicológica.

Monteiro, L. & Veríssimo, M. (2010). Análise do fenómeno de base segura em contexto familiar: a especificidade das relações criança/mãe e criança/pai. Textos Universitários de Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Lisboa: F.C.T., Gulbenkian.

Monteiro, L., Veríssimo, M., Vaughn, B. E., Santos, A. & Bost, K. K. (2008). Secure base representations for both fathers and mothers predict children’s secure base behavior in a sample of Portuguese families. Attachment and Human Development, 10(2), 189-206. doi: 10.1080/14616730802113711

Monteiro, L., Veríssimo, M., Vaughn, B.E., Santos, A.J., Torres, N., & Fernandes, M. (2010). The organization of children’s secure base behavior in two parent Portuguese families and father’s participation in child related activities. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7(5), 545-560. doi: 10.1080/17405620902823855

NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2000). Factors associated with fathers’ caregiving activities and sensitivity with young children. Journal of Family Psychology 14, 200–219. DOI: 10.1037/0893-3200.14.2.200

Palkovitz, R. (2002). Involved fathering and men’s adult development. Mahwa: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Parke, R. D. (2000). Father involvement. A developmental psychological perspective. Marriage & Family Review, 29(2-3), 43-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J002v29n02_04

Parke, R. D. (1996). Fatherhood. The developing child. Series Editors Jerome Bruner, Michael Cole, Annette Karmiloff-Smith. Harvard University Press.

Parke, R., Dennis, J., Flyr, M. L., Morris, K. L., Killian, C., McDowell, D. J., & Wild, M. (2004). Fathering and Children’s relationships. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (pp.307-340). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Peitz, G., Fthenakis, W. E., & Kalicki, B. (2001). Determinants of paternal involvement during the child’s third year of life: child-care tasks versus pleasure activities. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, USA.

Pleck, J. H., & Masciadrelli, B. P. (2004). Paternal involvement by U.S. residential fathers: Levels, sources, and consequences. Em M. E. Lamb (Ed.). The role of the father in child development (pp. 222-271). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Rodrigues-Doolabh, L., Zevallos, A., Turan, B., & Green, K. (2003). Attachment scripts across cultures:Further evidence for a universal secure base script. In H. Waters & E. Waters (Chairs), Script-like representations of secure base experience: Evidence of cross-age, Cross-cultural, and behavioral links. Poster symposium presented at the Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, FL

Simões, R., Leal, I., & Maroco, J. (2010). Paternal involvement in a group of fathers of elementary school children. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 11, 339- 356.

StGeorge, J., & Freeman, E. (2017). Measurement of father–child rough-and-tumble play and its relations to child behavior. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(6), 709-725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21676

Torres, A., Pinto, P. C., Costa, D., Coelho, B., Maciel, D., Reigadinha, T., & Theodoro, E. (2018). Igualdade de género ao longo da vida: Portugal no contexto europeu. Lisboa, Portugal: Guide-Artes Gráficas, Lda.

Torres, N., Veríssimo, M., Monteiro, L., Ribeiro, O., & Santos, A. J. (2014). Domains of father involvement, social competence and problem behavior in preschool children. Journal of Family Studies, 20(3), 188-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2014.11082006

van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 387-403.

Vaughn, B. E., Copolla, G., Veríssimo, M., Monteiro, L., Santos, A. J., Posada, G., ...Korth, B. (2007). Coordination between the organization of mothers’ secure base knowledge and their children’s secure base behavior at home. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 65-76.

Veríssimo, M., Monteiro, L, Vaughn, B. E., Santos, A. J., & Waters, H. (2005). Coordenação entre o modelo interno dinâmico da mãe e o comportamento de base segura dos seus filhos. Análise Psicológica, 23(2), 7-17. doi: 10.14417/ap.74

Yeung, Sandberg, Davis-Kean, & Hofferth (2001). Children’s time with fathers in intact families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 196-154. doi:10.1111/j.17413737.2001.00136.x

Wall, K., Cunha, V., Atalaia, S., Rodrigues, L., Correia, R., Correia, S. V., & Rosa, R. (2016). Livro branco. Homens e igualdade de género em Portugal. Lisboa, Portugal: Editorial do Ministério da Educação e Ciência.

Waters, E., Merrick, S., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., & Albersheim, L. (2000). Attachment stability in infancy and in early adulthood: A 20-years longitudinal study. Child Development, 71, 684-689.

Waters, H. S., & Rodrigues-Doolabh, L. (2001, April). Are attachment scripts the building blo- cks of attachment representations? Narrative assessment of representations and the AAI. Pos- ter symposium presented at the Biennial Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Waters, H. S., & Rodrigues-Doolabh, L. M. (2004). Manual for decoding secure base narratives. Unpublished manuscript, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, United States.

Waters, H.S., & Waters, E. (2006). The attachment working models concept: Among other things, we build script-like representations of secure base experiences. Attachment & Human Development, 8, 3, 185-197. doi: 10.1080/14616730600856016

World Health Organization. (2004). The Importance of Caregiver-Child Interactions for the Survival and Healthy Development of Young Children, 1–95.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.1536

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Nº ERC: 107494 | ISSN (in print): 0870-8231 | ISSN (online): 1646-6020 | Copyright © ISPA - CRL, 2012 | Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa | NIF: 501313672 | The portal and metadata are licensed under the license Creative Commons CC BY-NC